If the atherosclerotic process continues and other risk factors are involved, the lipid core of the plaque grows and pushes the arterial wall out. The myeloperoxidase and metalloproteinases degrade the cellular matrix, thinning the fibrous cap making it capable of tearing. Once there are tears, platelet aggregation and the coagulation cascade begin; thrombi or blood clots become part of the plaque. Further plaque growth and repair leads to occlusion and necrosis of vessels. Varying degrees of pain, cerebral or pulmonary infarction, and/or ischemic heart disease result.
