Vaccination Information and Courses from MediaLab, Inc.
These are the MediaLab courses that cover Vaccination and links to relevant pages within the course.
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| Review 1 Podschun R. Ullmann U.:
Klebsiella spp. as nosocomial pathogens: epidemiology, taxonomy, typing methods, and pathogenicity factors
Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 11(4):589-603, 1998Bacteria belonging to the genus Klebsiella frequently cause human nosocomial infections. In particular, the medically most important Klebsiella species, Klebsiella pneumoniae, accounts for a significant proportion of hospital-acquired urinary tract infections, pneumonia, septicemias, and soft tissue infections.The principal pathogenic reservoirs for transmission of Klebsiella are the gastrointestinal tract and the hands of hospital personnel. Because of their ability to spread rapidly in the hospital environment, these bacteria tend to cause nosocomial outbreaks. Hospital
outbreaks of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella spp., especially those in neonatal wards, are often caused by new types of strains, the so-called extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL) producersThe incidence of ESBL-producing strains among clinical Klebsiella isolates has been steadily increasing over the past years. The resulting limitations on the therapeutic options demand new measures for the management of Klebsiella hospital infections.While the different typing methods are useful epidemiological tools for infection control, recent findings about Klebsiella virulence factors have provided new insights into the pathogenic strategies of these bacteria. Klebsiella pathogenicity factors such as capsules or lipopolysaccharides are presently considered to be promising candidates for vaccination efforts that may serve as immunological infection control measures. | View Page |
| The relevant components These are the relevant components of OSHA standard which are required for each facility: Facility must develop an Exposure control plan Preventive measures Hepatitis B vaccination Standard precautions Methods of control Engineering and work practice controls Personal protective equipment Housekeeping Labeling What to do if an exposure incident occurs | View Page |
| The Hepatitis B Vaccination The Hepatitis B Vaccine is one of the most important ways to prevent infection. About 90% of people who receive it get immunity.The present recombinant vaccine is made by genetically altered bakers yeast and contains no blood components. It is very safe.Side effects are minimal. Symptoms such as temporary soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or joint pain may occur but are rare.The procedure consists of three shots in the upper arm given over a six month period.The OSHA standard requires that employers provide the vaccine free of charge to you if your occupation puts you at risk. You may decline the vaccine; but you will be asked to sign a Declination Statement. | View Page |
| False Positive TST reactions A false positive reaction is a TST induration >5 millimeters even though the person is not infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Some causes are:
previous BCG vaccination,infection with nontuberculosis mycobacteria,incorrect TST administration or interpretation. | View Page |
| TST False Negative Reactions A false negative reaction is no induration after a TST even if the person is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Some causes of this are: weakened immune system,recent, old or overwhelming TB infection,immature immune system (<6 months of age),some viral illnesses,recent live-virus vaccinations,incorrect TST administration or interpretation. | View Page |
| Blood Assay for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (BAMT) The BAMT is a blood test that can detect LTBI.The BAMT has the advantage of no false positive results due to previous BCG vaccination or infection with nontuberculosis mycobacteria.The BAMT was approved by the FDA in 2005. | View Page |
| The two step TST has no false positive reactions due to infection with nontuberculosis mycobacteria or BCG vaccination. | View Page |