Urea Information and Courses from MediaLab, Inc.
These are the MediaLab courses that cover Urea and links to relevant pages within the course.
Learn more about laboratory continuing education for medical technologists to earn CE credit for AMT, ASCP, NCA, and state license renewal and recertification. Or get information about laboratory safety and compliance courses that deliver cost-effective OSHA safety training and continuing education to your laboratory's employees.
| Urine Specimen The urine specimen should be freshly voided. Urine is an ideal medium for the proliferation of bacteria due to the large amount of urea present. These bacteria metabolize urea, producing ammonia that increases the urine pH. If there is a delay before performance of the test, the sample should be refrigerated. This will: Prevent urease-producing organisms, such as Proteus and Pseudomonas, from converting urine urea to ammonia, which results in an increased pH. Prevent loss of CO2 which increases pH to the alkaline range.The "run-over" phenomenon may occur if excess urine remains on the strip. The protein area, adjacent to the pH area, contains an acid buffer which may "run-over" the pH portion resulting in an acid reading on a neutral or alkaline urine. | View Page |
| What is the largest constituent of plasma nonprotein nitrogen: | View Page |
| Which of the following tests would be used in the assessment of glomerular filtration: | View Page |
| Which one of the following statements about urea is false: | View Page |
| Which of the following tests would be useful in the assessment of glomerular filtration: | View Page |
| The reactions seen in the portion of the API strip shown in the photograph, effectively rules out Escherichia coli. | View Page |
| Table Specifications Here are the criteria for the preparation of tables, as specified by the Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science: Write table titles at the top of the table. Number tables sequentially with Roman numerals. Include the following information in a title, whenever possible: who, what, where, why and when. Put the independent variable in the left column, and the dependent variable in the right, if you are listing data with independent and dependent variables. Label each column with the appropriate units. Adequately space tables that appear on the same page. Example:Table I Patient specimens analyzed for blood urea nitrogen on the Dimension RxL and the Vitros 250 at City Hospital Sample # RxL (mg/dL urea) Vitros 250 (mg/dl) urea 1 8.8 8.8 2 11.2 10.0 3 12.4 13.6 4 16.2 13.2 5 20.0 21.2 6 25.0 20.0 7 28.8 26.2 In this case, the Dimension RxL is the "reference method" and is considered the independent variable, while the Vitros 250 is the "test method" and is considered the dependent variable. | View Page |
| Standard Deviation Example (continued) The first step in calculating the standard deviation is to calculate the mean, x. In this case, x = 10.Now, subtract that mean from each of the data values, and then square those results:Table VII Urea Nitrogen Concentration in 5 Employees (mg/dL) Concentration (mg/dL) x- (x-)2 9 -1 1 7 -3 9 11 1 1 13 3 9 10 0 0 Total 20 Use this total to calculate the standard deviation:The standard deviation is about 2.23. | View Page |
| Use the data for the following question:Table VII Urea Nitrogen Concentration in 9 Employees (mg/dL) Concentration (mg/dL)x-(x-)2 10 11 11 13 9 5 15 7 9 Total What is the standard deviation of the above data? You may find it helpful to make a chart similar to the one above. | View Page |
| Inferences from Sample Data As stated before, many of the measurements you make will be approximately normally distributed. If you plot your data, and they fall roughly in the bell curve shape, then you can make the assumption that your underlying population distribution is normal.Using this assumption, you can make several inferences about your population based on the sample data. First, approximate the population mean ì with the sample mean, , and the population standard deviation s with the sample standard deviation, s. Then you can say that 68% of all data from the population will be within 1s of , 95% within 2s, and 99% within 3s. An example will illustrate.Suppose you have urea nitrogen data with a sample mean of 15 mg/dL, and a sample standard deviation of 5 mg/dL. Then the following is true: approximately 68% of healthy people will have urea nitrogen in the range ± 1s = 15 ± 5 mg/dL = 10-20 mg/dL. approximately 95% of healthy people will have urea nitrogen in the range ± 2s = 15 ± 10 mg/dL = 5-25 mg/dL. approximately 99% of healthy people will have urea nitrogen in the range ± 3s = 15 ± 15 mg/dL = 0-30 mg/dL. These data can be used to set standards for healthy urea nitrogen levels. Most labs set the 95% window as reference ranges for all tests performed | View Page |
| Basic metabolic panel (BMP) Consists of an electrolyte panel, plus:
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), which a measure of renal function.
Creatinine (Creat), which also measures renal function
Glucose, the most important blood sugar, and
Calcium.
Run on serum or plasma
| View Page |
| You have been asked to review a peripheral blood smear. You note >10/OIF (oil immersion field) echinocytes (burr cells). Which of the following actions would be the most appropriate response? | View Page |