There are a number of abnormalities of sperm morphology.

Abnormal heads can include enlarged head, double head, round head, constricted head, amorphous head, pinhead, and acute tapering forms. There are also heads with abnormal numbers of vacuoles.

Midpiece abnormalities include distended and thin midpiece regions.

Abnormal tails include short tails, double, triple or multiple tails, coiled tails, broken tails, or absent tail.

Cytoplasmic droplets are also seen in some specimens. These are large regions of cytoplasm just below the head assumed to represent failure of complete sperm maturation or a sign of either toxicity or oxidation. There have also been reports that cytoplasmic droplets may be artifacts from the fixation and staining for morphology analysis.