Acetyl CoA is converted to acetone, acetoacetate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate. These are acids and when dissolved in body fluids in excess lower the blood pH. Increased ketones can result in a metabolic acidosis referred to as ketosis, ketoacidosis or diabetic acidosis. Type 1 diabetic patients are especially at risk for ketoacidosis. Urine and serum ketones are measured semiquantitatively and a diabetic in ketosis is monitored for ketones and blood pH.