Acute onset pneumonia: Literature Reviews and Queries

Review 2

  • Tuomanen EI.: Pathogenesis of pneumococcal inflammation: otitis media
  • Vaccine. 19 Suppl 1:S38-40, 2000
  • Pneumococci cause damage to the ear in otitis media with an association with bacterial meningitis. The pathogenesis of injury involves host response to cell wall constituents and the pore-forming toxin, pneumolysin.
  • Release of cell wall constituents, particularly during antibiotic-induced bacterial lysis, leads to an influx of leukocytes and subsequent tissue injury. The signal transduction cascade for this response is becoming defined and includes CD14, Toll-like receptor 2, NFkB, and cytokine production.
  • The second source of injury is the cytotoxicity of the pore forming toxin, pneumolysin.
  • Decreasing the sequelae of otitis can be achieved by an increased understanding of the site-specific mechanisms of pneumococcal-induced inflammation.

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