Rod Information and Courses from MediaLab, Inc.
These are the MediaLab courses that cover Rod and links to relevant pages within the course.
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| Polyacrylamide Electrophoresis (PAGE) More separations are also achieved with layers of polyacrylamide gels each with a different pore size. The gels can be horizontal or vertical slabs or incorporated into vertical cylinders or rods. Varying the pore size in each layer is significant especially if very small pore sizes are created. DNA of 100 base pairs (bp) or less can be separated.Common applications of PAGE are separation of proteins and nucleic acids. Polyacrylamide gels are also used as the medium in several other types of electrophoresis described in this section. | View Page |
| Which of the following appear as budding organisms? | View Page |
| Cocci and Rods Bacteria may be either round (cocci) or rod-shaped (bacilli). Either shape may be Gram positive or Gram negative. A mixture of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria can occur in the same field. Examples of Gram positive bacilli (rods) are shown on the bottom left, and Gram positive cocci are shown on the bottom right. | View Page |
| Gram Negative Bacilli Examples of Gram negative bacilli or rod shaped bacteria are present in this field. | View Page |
| Variations in the Ends of Rods The ends of rod-shaped organisms may be rounded or tapered. | View Page |
| Hereditary ovalocytosis and elliptocytosis Ovalocytes are rod shaped erythrocytes with nearly parallel lateral walls. If the long axis of an erythrocyte is no more than twice as long as the short axis, the cell is an ovalocyte. If the long axis is more than twice as long as the short axis, the cell is an elliptocyte. Hemoglobin tends to collect at each end of these cells. The ends of the cells are rounded and never pointed, to be differentated from sickle cells. Ovalocytes present in greater than 25% of red cells on the blood smear are characteristic of hereditary ovalocytosis. The oval shape is attributed to a defect in horizontal red cell membrane protein interactions. Lesser numbers of circulating ovalocytes may be present in various anemias including megaloblastic, sideroblastic, iron deficiency, and in thalassemias. A rare ovalocyte (less than 1%) may be found on almost any peripheral blood smear. Resistance to malarial infection may be a beneficial attribute of hereditary ovalocytosis. | View Page |
| Sickle Cell (Drepanocyte) Sickle cells, also referred to as drepanocytes, are formed as a result of the presence of hemoglobin S in the red cell. As the red cell ages, it becomes rigid as it passes through the low oxygen tension atmosphere of the small capillaries in the body. In the absence of oxygen, hemoglobin S polymerizes into rods, causing the sickle cell shape. The shape of sickle cells can vary from cigar-shaped, as shown in the upper image, to the more severe sickled-form, shown in the bottom image. | View Page |
| Bacteria Bacteria may also be present, especially during a urinary tract infection. This view shows bacteria as solid gray rods or cocci. Since bacteria may also be a contaminant in specimens remaining at room temperature, or due to an unclean catch, caution must be observed in reporting bacteria. If 20 organisms per hpf are seen, the bacteria are considered to be clinically significant. | View Page |