Pharmacology in the Clinical Lab: Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Pharmacogenomics (Online Course)
Kevin F. Foley, PhD, MT, SC
Therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacogenomics are both pharmacy-related areas within the clinical laboratory. Although each is considered a sub-discipline within laboratory medicine, the two fields overlap significantly. This course provides an overview of each of these laboratory sub-disciplines and discusses the utility, rationale, and practice of each one. The course is intended for clinical laboratory technologists and technicians and other health care personnel who are responsible for prescribing and administering therapeutic medications.
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Continuing Education Credits
Objectives
- Define therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and explain the rationale for this testing.
- Explain the concept of elimination half-life.
- List the criteria and attributes of commonly monitored drugs.
- Discuss three methods that are used for the measurement of therapeutic drugs in serum.
- Define pharmacogenomics, polymorphism and CYP450; explain what is meant by ‘individualized medicine’.
- Explain why CYP450 testing is thought to be important.
- List the four classifications of metabolizers and explain the clinical relevance of each.
Course Outline
Click on a link in the outline to view a sample page from this course.
- TDM
- Introduction
- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Definition
- Pharmacogenomics Definition
- Basic Pharmacokinetics
- Drug Concentration Over Time
- Drug Metabolism
- Drug Elimination
- Half-life
- Bioavailability
- Protein Binding
- Protein Availability and Drug Dosing
- Other Factors Affecting Drug Absorption and Distribution
- Given what you have learned thus far, which of the following statements below do you think is true?
- Steady State
- Steady State Example
- Sampling
- Peak and Trough Sampling Times
- Why TDM?
- Why TDM?
- Why TDM?
- Unexpected Concentrations
- A physician needs to prescribe a drug with a narrow therapeutic window. He is concerned about possible toxic effects. To assess the upper concentratio...
- TDM for all drugs?
- When is TDM Not Useful?
- Alternative to TDM
- Examples of Drugs That are Monitored by TDM
- TDM for Antibiotics
- TDM for Anticonvulsants
- TDM for Immunosuppressants
- TDM for Cardiac Medications
- TDM for Theophylline
- Albuterol is a fast-acting bronchodilator used acutely during asthma attacks. Which of the reasons below explains why TDM for albuterol is not availab...
- Laboratory Methods
- PETINIA
- FPIA
- Chemiluminescence
- Pharmacogenomics
- Individualized Medicine
- Polymorphism and CYP450
- CYP450s
- CYP2D6
- Metabolizers
- Enzyme Abnormalities and Drugs
- Clinical Utility
- Warfarin Metabolism
- Warfarin cont.
- A person who is classified as a UM would need __________ of a drug metabolized by that enzyme.
- CYP450 Induction and Inhibition
- CYP450 Induction and Inhibition
- A patient is taking cimetidine for a stomach ulcer. This drug inhibits CYP2D6. The patient is now prescribed amphetamine for narcolepsy. Amphetamine i...
- Genotype versus Phenotype
- Genotype versus Phenotype
- TDM and PGx
- The Bottom Line
- References
Additional Information
Level of instruction: Intermediate
Intended Audience: Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians and other health care personnel who are responsible for prescribing and administering therapeutic medications.
Author Credentials: Kevin F. Foley, PhD, MT, SC earned his B.S. degree in History and Political Science before going on to complete additional courses and a one-year clinical internship in Medical Technology, earning ASCP certification as a medical technologist with further certification as a specialist in clinical chemistry. Following this training, Kevin earned his PhD in clinical pharmacology and toxicology at East Carolina School of Medicine in North Carolina. He then worked over four years as an assistant professor at the University of Vermont in the Departments of Medical Laboratory and Radiation Sciences as well and Pharmacology. Kevin then went on to train and work as an assistant professor and clinical chemist at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester Minnesota before taking his current position as head of the Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department at Northern Michigan University. Kevin has taught pharmacology, clinical chemistry, immunology and medicinal chemistry courses. His research areas include cardiovascular risk and inflammation markers as well as the neuropharmacology of amphetamine-like compounds. Kevin is very active in the American Association of Clinical Chemistry. During his career he has taught undergraduate, graduate, medical students and fellows.
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