Non-reactive Information and Courses from MediaLab, Inc.
These are the MediaLab courses that cover Non-reactive and links to relevant pages within the course.
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| Ruling Out and Ruling In Rule-out (also referred to as exclusion or cross-out) is a process by which antibodies are identified as being unlikely in a given sample because of the absence of an expected antigen-antibody reaction. In other words, the absence of a reaction is noted with a cell that is positive for the corresponding antigen. Non-reactive cells are selected for rule-out. To be classified as non-reactive, a cell must NOT have reacted in any phase of testing in a given panel or screen. In the case of cold antibodies: if reactions are only occurring at immediate spin and are negative in the AHG phase, then that panel cell can be used as a rule out cell for IgG reactive antibodies but not for antibodies that react at immediate spin (IgM).If there is no reaction with a panel cell then it is possible that antibodies to the antigens on that cell are not present in the sample being tested. Based on Fisher's statistical probability recommendation, the probability of having reliable results increases if you are able to have more rule-out and rule-in cells. By comparing the patterns of reactivity and non-reactivity, we can more safely assume that an observed pattern is not the result of chance alone. If a "3 (reactions) to rule in and 3 (reactions) to rule out" protocol is used, there is then a 95% probability that the reaction pattern is not due to chance alone. Homozygous cells are used so that weaker reacting antibodies which fail to react to the antigen present in the heterozygous state aren't accidentally ruled out. Examples of Homozygous and Heterozygous Antibodies Jka Jkb Patient IS Patient AHG Panel cell 10 + + 0 2+ Panel cell 11 0 + 0 4+ Panel cell 10 shows Jkb in the heterozygous state. The patient's reaction is weaker than the reaction with panel cell 11 which shows Jkb in the homozygous state.Reactions are weaker when antigens are present in the heterozygous state because there is less of the antigen present for the potential antibody to bind with. | View Page |
| The recovery of an oxidase-positive, gram-negative diplococcus that tests DFA-nonreactive should be tested by alternative methods when establishing a fool-proof diagnosis of gonorrhea. | View Page |
| Using the guidelines in the Antibody Exclusion Protocol, which antibodies are possible (have not been excluded) using this panel? Select all that apply.Antibody identification results CellRhRhesusKellDuffyKiddMNSsPLewisLuResultsCell CDEceCwKkKpaFyaFybJkaJkbMNSsP1LeaLebLuaGel IAT* 1rr000++00+0+0+00++++S+001+1 2rr000++00+0+0++0++++S+00w+2 3rr000++00+0++0+0++0+0+003 4r"r00+++00+0++0+0+0+++0004 5R2R20+++00+00+++++0+0+0+0w+5 6 | | View Page |
| When the patient's plasma was non-reactive with panel cells, and very weak and unidentifiable in the post-transfusion RBC eluate, no attempt was made to try to enhance the weak antibodies.We now know that the patient has anti-Jka and that it disappeared rapidly from the patient's plasma after transfusion with two group O Rh-negative RBC. Consider the question below, then click on the question to receive the answer. | View Page |