Meningitis Information and Courses from MediaLab, Inc.
These are the MediaLab courses that cover Meningitis and links to relevant pages within the course.
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| The cells present in this field may indicate what condition? | View Page |
| The cell in this slide could be caused by what condition? | View Page |
| A web-like clot may be seen in a sample when the patient has what condition? | View Page |
| Increased numbers of the cells shown at the right are indicative of what condition? | View Page |
| Which of the following statements is true about the type of cell shown at the right? | View Page |
| Match the condition on the left with associated CSF cells on the right. | View Page |
| Match the condition on the left with associated cells on the right. | View Page |
| Monocytes (continued) Monocytes are also present in this field. Increased numbers of monocytes may be seen in chronic bacterial meningitis, multiple sclerosis, fungal meningitis, CNS malignant disorders or CNS hemorrhage. | View Page |
| Lymphocytes Many lymphocytes are present in this field. Two larger, atypical lymphocytes with intact cytoplasm and slightly indented nuclei are seen near the center of this slide. Two other large cells with irregular, trailing cytoplasm are macrophages (histiocytes). Increased lymphocytes may be seen in viral meningoencephalitis, partially treated bacterial meningitis, multiple sclerosis, Guillian-Barre's syndrome, or polyneuritis.
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| Neutrophils Many neutrophils are present in this slide from a spinal fluid sample from a patient with bacterial meningitis. Several macrophages (histiocytes) which have engulfed some of the bacteria can also be seen among the neutrophils. | View Page |
| Elevation in CSF total protein may be seen in all of the following conditions except: | View Page |
| Which of the following conditions is most likely when an oligoclonal band is seen in CSF electrophoresis without a corresponding serum peak? | View Page |
| Which of the following infectious agents represent the greatest risk to the laboratory worker: | View Page |
| A patient with atypical (reactive) lymphocytes in his peripheral blood smear should be tested for: | View Page |
| The predominant cells seen on the CSF smear in this illustration are indicative of: | View Page |
| The predominant cells seen in this CSF are suggestive of: | View Page |
| A low CSF glucose level is associated with all the following except: | View Page |
| CSF lymphocytosis is associated with all of the following except: | View Page |
| The most frequent cause of bacterial meningitis in older adults is: | View Page |
| Xanthochromia in CSF is characteristic of: | View Page |
| Review 2 Tuomanen EI.:
Pathogenesis of pneumococcal inflammation: otitis media
Vaccine. 19 Suppl 1:S38-40, 2000Pneumococci cause damage to the ear in otitis media with an association with bacterial meningitis. The pathogenesis of injury involves host response to cell wall constituents and the pore-forming toxin, pneumolysin.Release of cell wall constituents, particularly during antibiotic-induced bacterial lysis, leads to an influx of leukocytes and subsequent tissue injury. The signal transduction cascade for this response is becoming defined and includes CD14, Toll-like receptor 2, NFkB, and cytokine production.The second source of injury is the cytotoxicity of the pore forming toxin, pneumolysin.Decreasing the sequelae of otitis can be achieved by an increased understanding of the site-specific mechanisms of pneumococcal-induced inflammation. | View Page |
| Review 2 Gelfand MS. Bakhtian BJ. Simmons BP.:
Spinal sepsis due to Streptococcus milleri: two cases and review.
Reviews of Infectious Diseases. 13:559-63, 1991We have recently cared for two patients with spinal sepsis secondary to infection with Streptococcus milleri.One patient had a spinal epidural abscess and the other had meningitis as well as a spinal subdural empyema.A review of the English-language literature revealed only two previously reported cases of spinal epidural abscess due to S. milleri and no cases of spinal subdural empyema due to S. milleri. We report two cases of spinal sepsis due to S. milleri and discuss pertinent literature. | View Page |
| Histology of Brain Biopsy The H & E section of the brain biopsy (left frame)revealed edema of the parencymya with the accumulation of inflammatory cells in the perivascular spaces. The close in view of the exudate (right) frame reveals that the inflammatory exudate is comprised primarily of polymorphonuclear luekocytes. The histologic diagnosis therefore is suppurative meningitis, with culture results necessary to establish the etiologic agent. | View Page |
| Identification of bacteria Identification of bacteria in direct smears may be of lifesaving importance. For example, a rapid diagnosis of bacterial meningitis, made after examining a gram stained smear of the patient's cerebrospinal fluid, allows the physician to begin treatment immediately.The appearance of bacteria on gram stained smears is suggestive of a certain species, but identification may not be made on the basis of the stain alone. An exception to this rule is the presence of gram negative intracellular diplococci from a male urogenital specimen, which is presumptive identification of Niesseria gonorrhoeae.In addition, culture results can be correlated with the direct smear report.
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