Mellitus Information and Courses from MediaLab, Inc.
These are the MediaLab courses that cover Mellitus and links to relevant pages within the course.
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| Match the following reagent strip tests to the disease or disorder that would most likely cause a positive test result. | View Page |
| Clinical Significance cont'd Individuals with diabetes mellitus may excrete small amounts of protein in the urine which may signal the beginning of reduced glomerular filtration. Stabilizing the blood glucose level at this time may delay progression of diabetic nephropathy. Women in the last month of pregnancy may develop proteinuria as the first sign of impending eclampsia. Eclampsia is the gravest form of toxemia of pregnancy. The presence of protein in this situation must be evaluated by the physician in conjunction with other clinical symptoms.Benign transient proteinuria may be the result of: exposure to cold, strenuous exercise, dehydration, and/or high fever. Benign transient proteinuria may also occur during the acute phase of a severe illness. | View Page |
| Proteinuria that may signal impending damage is seen in: (Choose ALL of the correct answers) | View Page |
| Clinical Significance cont'd Conditions in which glucose levels in the urine are above 100 mg/dL and detectable include:diabetes mellitus and other endocrine disordersimpaired tubular reabsorption due to advanced kidney diseasepregnancy - glycosuria developing in the 3rd trimester may be due to latent diabetes mellituscentral nervous system damagepancreatic diseasedisturbances of metabolism such as, burns, infection or fractures | View Page |
| Which of the following conditions produce glycosuria? (Choose ALL of the correct answers) | View Page |
| Clinical Significance of Positive Urine Ketone Result Ketone bodies are usually absent in urine. High levels of ketones are present in the urine of individuals with uncontrolled diabetes. In diabetes the ketones are present because the body's ability to metabolize carbohydrates is defective. Detecting the presence of ketones in the urine is a valuable aid to managing and monitoring individuals with diabetes mellitus. Ketonuria is an indication that the insulin dose needs to be increased. It is also an early indicator of insulin dosage problems in juvenile diabetes or in diabetics experiencing other medical problems. Electrolyte imbalance and dehydration occur when ketones accumulate in the blood. If these conditions are not corrected, the patient may develop acidosis and ultimately diabetic coma. Low levels may be detected during conditions of physiological stress such as fasting, rapid weight loss, frequent strenuous exercise or prolonged vomiting. The presence of ketones in these situations is due to either inadequate intake or increased loss of carbohydrates. | View Page |
| The elements indicated by the arrows are more likely to be seen in patients with which condition: | View Page |
| Estriol levels in conjunction with hCG and AFP can be obtained during pregnancy to: | View Page |
| Detection of a fruity odor in a fresh urine sample may be indicative of: | View Page |
| The Presence of Glucose in the Urine The presence of significant amounts of glucose in the urine is called glycosuria (or glucosuria). The amount of glucose present in urine is dependent upon the blood glucose level, the rate of glomerular filtration, and the degree of tubular reabsorption of the sugar. Usually glucose will not be present in the urine until the blood level exceeds 160-189 mg/dl, which is the normal renal threshold for glucose. The main reason for glycosuria is an elevated blood glucose level, called hyperglycemia. Diabetes mellitus is the most common disease that causes hyperglycemia. However, stress, obesity, brain injury, myocardial infarction, hyperthyroidism, pregnancy, and a lowered renal threshold due to kidney damage can all cause glycosuria. | View Page |
| Causes of Ketonuria Under conditions of abnormal carbohydrate metabolism such as occurs in diabetes mellitus, ketones accumulate in the blood (ketonemia) and are excreted in the urine (ketonuria). The accumulation of ketone bodies is often the cause of acidosis and coma in diabetics. | View Page |
| Plasma sugars Sugars are also dissolved in the plasma. By far the most important is glucose.
Blood glucose is increased in diabetes mellitus, and decreased in hypoglycemia.
| View Page |
| Introduction Glucose tolerance test is used to help diagnose diabetes mellitus, or gestational diabetes (diabetes occurring during pregnancy).Patients are given a standard oral dose of glucose, after which their blood is collected at standard time intervals.
Blood samples are then checked for glucose levels.
Abnormal glucose levels may indicate diabetes mellitus, or gestational diabetes mellitus. | View Page |
| High Risk Progression Groups The following persons are at high risk for progression from LTBI to TB disease: Persons infected with HIV Persons infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis within the past two years Persons with untreated or inadequately treated TB disease Infants and children <4 years of age Persons with chronic medical conditions or immunocompromising conditions | View Page |
| The granulated neutrophil shown in the photograph may be found in each of the following conditions except: | View Page |