Macrophage Information and Courses from MediaLab, Inc.
These are the MediaLab courses that cover Macrophage and links to relevant pages within the course.
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| Macrophage In the center of this field is a macrophage that has engulfed numerous red cells. | View Page |
| Monocytes The arrow in this slide is pointing to a monocyte. The nucleus has an open chromatin pattern which gives it a spongy appearance. There is another monocyte in the lower right corner of the field. The other two cells could be classified as macrophages (histiocytes) because the nucleus is oval or kidney bean-shaped and the cytoplasm is very irregular. After circulating in the blood for one to three days, monocytes enter the tissues. The tissue form of the monocyte is called a macrophage or histiocyte.
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| Which of the following major cellular elements does not develop solely in the bone marrow: | View Page |
| Which of the following would be the most characteristic finding in synovial fluid in a case of pseudogout: | View Page |
| Proteins Involved in Adsorption The joining of the HIV and the host cell involves a spike on the HIV envelope and a CD4 molecule on the T-lymphocyte, macrophage, or brain cell.The molecule on the HIV spike is called glycoprotein 120 or gp120. The "120" refers to the molecular weight of the glycoprotein.While the CD4 site is important in viral binding, there is evidence that there are other molecules called co-receptors also involved.These molecules are embedded in the membranes of T-lymphocytes, macrophages, and brain cells. In the T-lymphocyte the abbreviated name of the protein molecule is CXCR4. | View Page |
| Proteins Involved in Adsorption The joining of the HIV and the host cell involves a spike on the HIV envelope and a CD4 molecule on the T-lymphocyte, macrophage, or brain cell.The molecule on the HIV spike is called glycoprotein 120 or gp120. The "120" refers to the molecular weight of the glycoprotein.While the CD4 site is important in viral binding, there is evidence that there are other molecules called co-receptors also involved.These molecules are embedded in the membranes of T-lymphocytes, macrophages, and brain cells. In the T-lymphocyte the abbreviated name of the protein molecule is CXCR4. | View Page |
| Adsorption (1) While more research is needed to confirm the sequence, it is believed that the gp120 molecule on the HIV unites, via the V3 loop, with the CD4 molecule on the T-lymphocyte, macrophage, or brain cell.The gp120 then changes shape, drops down, and binds with the co-receptor.Thus HIV binds twice to the T-lymphocyte or macrophage - once at the CD4 molecule and once at the co-receptor site. | View Page |
| Please pick the marrow cell from the list below which has highly granular basophilic cytoplasm but does not show nuclear lobation. | View Page |
| Location of Cells within Cord Within the hematopoietic cords each cell line has a specific location for development.
Erythroid precursors are located near a venous sinusoid and cluster around a macrophage. This is referred to as an erythroblastic island. Developing red cells obtain iron needed for hemoglobin production from macrophages.
Megakaryocytes are also located close to a venous sinus. They extend their cytoplasm in fingerlike projections through the sinus wall in order to release their platelets directly into the blood in the sinus.
Immature granulocytes lie within the hematopoietic cords.
The metamyelocyte stage is the first stage of the granulocyte series that is motile and able to move toward the sinus area. Mature neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils enter the sinusoidal blood through the basement membrane. As maturing erythrocytes also move toward the sinus wall any remaining nuclei are lost as the red cells move through small openings in the cells lining the sinus wall. | View Page |
| The young cells that can be found surrounding a macrophage are: | View Page |
| Location of Cells within Cord continued Another representation of the cells in a hematopoiectic cord which focuses in the appearance of various cells as well as their location within the cord is shown here.
HC: hematopoiectic cordVS: venous sinusAdv: adventitial cellEnd: endothelial cellGP: granulopoiesisF: fat cellsEi: erythroipoietic islandHist: histiocyte (macrophage)Meg: megakaryocyteA: arteriole | View Page |
| Iron Storage Site The site of iron storage in the bone marrow is the macrophage. This is a bone marrow smear showing a macrophage containing near the top of the smear showing clumps of blue-staining material, which is iron. Notice the number of young red cells (erythroid precursors) clustered around the iron in the lower portion of the slide. | View Page |
| Gaucher Cell A Gaucher cell is a histiocyte (macrophage) whose cytoplasm is filled with linear or fibrillar material (kerasin). This cell is characteristic of the congenital glycolipid disorder, Gaucher's disease. Gaucher cells may also be seen in the marrow of patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia. When seen in this condition, they are referred to as pseudo-Gaucher cells. | View Page |
| Sea Blue Histocyte This variation of a macrophage signals the presence of a very rare lipid storage disorder. Due to the size and distinctive color of this cell it is also visible during the low power examination. | View Page |
| Macrophage The large cell in the center of this slide is a macrophage, which is normally present in low numbers in the marrow. Macrophages have a loose chromatin pattern and on some smears the nucleoli appear blue/green. The cytoplasm is irregular in shape and contains granules. | View Page |
| Match the following. | View Page |
| Glossary of Terms A through M. Antibody - A modified type of serum globulin synthesized by lymphoid tissue in response to antigenic stimulus. By virtue of specific combining sites each antibody reacts with only one antigen. Anucleate - Having no nucleus. Azurophilic granules - The well-defined large reddish granules (lysosomes) which may be present in large lymphocytes. They are called "azurophilic granules" because they stain blue with the azure stains which were originally used. Basophilic granules - Specific granules present in the cytoplasm of basophils. These granules are large and stain purple-black due to their strong affinity for basic stain. B-cell - Bone marrow derived lymphocytes which produce humoral antibodies. Biconcave - Having two concave surfaces. Cellular Immunity - The capacity of a small proportion of lymphoid population to exhibit response to a specific antigen. Chromomere - The centrally located granular portion of the platelet. Clone - A population of cells descended from a single cell. Delayed Hypersensitivity - (part of cellular immunity) that develops slowly over a period of 24-72 hours after an antigenic stimulus. It consists of an accumulation of cells around small vessels and/or nerves. Example: Tuberculin skin test reaction. Digestive Enzyme - A substance that catalyzes or accelerates the process of digestion. Eosinophilic Granules - Specific granules present in the cytoplasm of eosinophils. These granules are large, refractile spheres which stain reddish-orange due to their strong affinity for acid stain. Erythrocyte (red blood cell, RBC) - One of the elements found in peripheral blood. Normally the mature form is a non-nucleated, circular, biconcave disk adapted to transport respiratory gases. Fixed Macrophage - A phagocyte that is non-motile. Free Macrophage - An ameboid phagocyte present at the site of inflammation. Graft Rejection - A transplanted tissue that is rejected by the body's antibodies. Graft vs. Host Reaction - A complication that occurs when an implanted piece of tissue, which contains antibodies, rejects the host's tissue. Granulocyte - A leukocyte which contains granules in its cytoplasm, i.e., neutrophilic, eosinophilic, or basophilic granules. Half-life - is the length of time it takes for half of the cells circulating at a given time to leave the blood for the tissues. Hemocyte - Any blood cell or formed element of the blood. Hemostasis - A mechanism of the vascular system to arrest an escape of blood. It involves an interaction between blood vessels, platelets, and coagulation. Heparin - A mucopolysaccharide acid which, when present in sufficient amounts, functions as an anticoagulant by inhibiting thrombin. Histamine - A powerful dilator of capillaries and a stimulator of gastric secretions. Humoral Immunity - Acquired immunity produced after response to an antigenic stimulus in which B cells produce circulating antibodies. Hyalomere - the clear, blue non-granular zone surrounding the chromomere of a platelet. Immune Response - The interaction of a cell and an antigen that results in a proliferation of the cell and a capacity to produce antibodies. Isotonic Fluid - A fluid whose elements have an equal osmotic pressure. Leukocyte (white blood cell, WBC) - One of the formed elements of the blood; involved primarily with the body's defense. Lysosome - A microscopic body within cell cytoplasm; contains various enzymes, mainly hydrolytic, which are released upon injury to the cell. Megakaryocyte - A giant cell of the bone marrow from which platelets are derived. Mononuclear - A cell having a single nucleus. | View Page |