Landsteiner Information and Courses from MediaLab, Inc.
These are the MediaLab courses that cover Landsteiner and links to relevant pages within the course.
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| The Rh nomenclature which uses the letters DCE is found in which of the following genetic models: | View Page |
| ABO blood groups were discovered by: | View Page |
| The History of the ABO System In 1900, a German scientist, Karl Landsteiner, discovered that blood groups differ from one individual to another. He took blood samples from five associates and himself, allowed them to clot, and then separated the serum from the cells. Landsteiner found that when he mixed the serum and red cells from different individuals, some samples clumped and some didn’t. Our present day classification of the ABO system is based on Landsteiner’s realization that agglutination occurred because of highly reactive antigens present on the red blood cell which corresponded to antibodies present in the serum. Landsteiner isolated and named the red cell antigens “A” and “B” and the corresponding antibodies “Anti-A” and “Anti-B.” If the red cells contained neither antigen, he called these cells “O”, representing zero antigens present. The fourth type of red cells, “AB”, was discovered in 1902 by Von Decastello and Sturli, associates of Landsteiner. “AB” cells contained both A and B antigens on their surface. | View Page |
| The History of the ABO System (cont.) Landsteiner, knowing that none of his subjects had been immunized, realized that “natural” antibodies must develop which are directed against antigens not present on the red cells. Individuals with “A” antigens on their red cells had sera containing “Anti-B” antibody. Individuals with “B” antigens had sera containing “Anti-A.” “AB” individuals had sera with no ABO antibodies present and “O” individuals’ sera contained “Anti-A” and “Anti-B.” Sera from group O individuals may contain a separate antibody, “Anti-A,B.” Anti-A,B possesses serologic activity not found in mixtures of Anti-A and Anti-B. Anti-A,B sera will agglutinate A, B, and AB cells. It is particularly useful in detecting weak A and B antigens. See the table on the next page. | View Page |