Glomerulus Information and Courses from MediaLab, Inc.
These are the MediaLab courses that cover Glomerulus and links to relevant pages within the course.
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| Clinical Significance In the healthy individual, almost all of the glucose filtered by the renal glomerulus is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule. The amount of glucose reabsorbed by the proximal tubule is determined by the body's need to maintain a sufficient level of glucose in the blood. If the concentration of blood glucose becomes too high (160-180 mg/dL), the tubules no longer reabsorb glucose, allowing it to pass through into the urine. It is important to note that glucose may appear in the urine of healthy individuals after consuming a meal that is high in glucose. Fasting prior to providing a sample for screening eliminates this problem. | View Page |
| What is the primary functional unit of the kidney: | View Page |
| The nephron includes all of the following except: | View Page |
| Which of the following tests would be used in the assessment of glomerular filtration: | View Page |
| Reabsorption in the kidneys primarily occurs in: | View Page |
| What is the primary functional unit of the kidney : | View Page |
| Urine Bilirubin Bilirubin is formed as a result of the breakdown of hemoglobin from erythrocytes in the reticuloendothelial system. It becomes bound to albumin and transported through the blood to the liver. This free or unconjugated bilirubin is insoluble in water and cannot be filtered through the glomerulus of the kidney. In the liver, bilirubin becomes conjugated with glucuronic acid to form bilirubin diglucuronide. This conjugated bilirubin, which is also called direct bilirubin, is water soluble and is excreted by the liver through the bile duct and into the duodenum. | View Page |
| Urine Bilirubin Normally, small amounts of conjugated bilirubin, regurgitate back from the bile duct and enter the blood stream, so small amounts of conjugated bilirubin can be found in the plasma. Since conjugated bilirubin is not bound to protein, it is easily filtered through the glomerulus and excreted in the urine whenever the plasma level is increased. Normally, no detectable amount of bilirubin (sometimes referred to as “bile”) is found in the urine. | View Page |
| Cells Types Observed in Urine Sediment Cells which may be present in the urine include epithelial cells, white blood cells (WBC) and red blood cells (RBC). The epithelial cells in the urine may originate from any site in the genitourinary tract. It is normal to find a few epithelial cells in the sediment. White blood cells may enter the urinary tract anywhere from the glomerulus to the urethra. The WBCs are mostly neutrophils. Red blood cells may originate in any part of the urinary tract. Normally, RBCs do not appear in the urine, although the presence of a few RBCs is not considered abnormal. | View Page |