Enteric Information and Courses from MediaLab, Inc.
These are the MediaLab courses that cover Enteric and links to relevant pages within the course.
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| Review 1 Garbutt JM. Littenberg B. Evanoff BA. Sahm D. Mundy LM. Enteric carriage of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in patients tested for Clostridium difficile. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology. 20(10):664-70, 1999 OBJECTIVE: To identify independent risk factors for enteric carriage of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) in hospitalized patients tested for Clostridium difficile toxin. PATIENTS: Convenience sample of 215 adult inpatients who had stool tested for C. difficile between January 29 and February 25, 1996. RESULTS: 41 (19%) of 215 patients had enteric carriage of VREF. Five independent risk factors for enteric VREF were identified: (1) history of prior C. difficile infection, (2) parenteral treatment with vancomycin for > or = 5 days, (3) treatment with antimicrobials effective against gram-negative organisms, (4) admission from another institution, and (5) age > 60 years. These risk factors for enteric VREF were independent of the patient's current C. difficile status. CONCLUSIONS: Antimicrobial exposures are the most important modifiable independent risk factors for enteric carriage of VREF in hospitalized patients tested for C. difficile. | View Page |
| What is the most important modifiable risk factor for enteric colonization with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF)? | View Page |
| Case History A 63-year-old man was seen in the emergency room with the complaints of sudden onset of fever, chills, and abdominal pain, accompanied by mild diarrhea. The blood pressure was 140/84, the pulse rate 82/minute, and the body temperature 39.8C. A blood sample was drawn for a complete blood count, and a blood culture. A second blood culture was drawn from the opposite arm, with 10 mL of blood being placed into each an aerobic and an anaerobic bottle, following customary practice. The complete blood count revealed a hemoglobin of 15.8 mg/dL, a hematocrit of 45%, and a white blood count of 4.2/L. The neutrophils were 39%, lymphocytes 45%, monocytes 10%, eosinophils 4% and basophils 2%. The platelet count was 255/L. The patient was admitted to the hospital for further work-up and empiric antibiotic therapy. Within 24 hours after admission, the body temperature had decreased to 38.2C, although the mild diarrhea persisted. A stool toxin test for Clostridium difficile was negative and neither enteric pathogens nor Campylobacter species were recovered in stool culture after 24 hours incubation. Fecal neutrophils were not seen on direct examination. The anaerobic blood culture became positive 36 hours after inoculation. | View Page |
| Match the differential/ selective enteric medium with its characteristic indicator, fermentable, and bacteriostatic. | View Page |
| MacConkey agar contains all of the following except : | View Page |
| Match the organisms on the right with culture medium: | View Page |
| Match the organism on the right with the most suitable culture media on the left: | View Page |
| A 27 year old male was seen in the emergency room complaining of diarrhea. He had no other symptoms and was in very good health. The doctor ordered a stool for culture and parasite study. The culture revealed no enteric pathogens. This suspicious form was seen on the wet preparations and the permanent stain. It measured 16 µm. With which of the following parasites is this patient most likely infected? | View Page |
| A 27 year old female graduate student recently returned from South America, where she completed a nature study of the rain forest. She spent months "living off the land." The woman went to her physician seeking treatment for a sinus infection, which she thought was responsible for several recent bouts of diarrhea. Upon questioning the patient, the doctor decided to collect stool for culture and parasitic examination. The stool culture was reported as "no enteric pathogens isolated." This suspicious form was seen on both wet preparations and on permanent stain. It measures 17 µm. The identify of this form is most likely: | View Page |
| A 17 year old female went to her doctor complaining of diarrhea. With the exception of seasonal allergies, she was in relatively good health. Patient history was unremarkable. A stool was submitted for culture and parasite examination. The culture was reported out as "no enteric pathogens isolated." This suspicious form was seen on wet preparation and permanent stain. It measures 27 µm. This patient is most likely suffering from which of the following conditions: | View Page |
