Encephalitis Information and Courses from MediaLab, Inc.
These are the MediaLab courses that cover Encephalitis and links to relevant pages within the course.
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| Review 2 Low JC. Donachie W.: A review of Listeria monocytogenes and listeriosis. Veterinary Journal. 153:9-29, 1997 Following the initial isolation and description in 1926, Listeria monocytogenes has been shown to be of world-wide prevalence and is associated with serious disease in a wide variety of animals, including man. Our knowledge of this bacterial pathogen and the various forms of listeriosis that it causes has until recently been extremely limited, but recent advances in taxonomy, isolation methods, bacterial typing, molecular biology and cell biology have extended our knowledge. It is an exquisitely adaptable environmental bacterium capable of existing both as an animal pathogen and plant saprophyte with a powerful array of regulated virulence factors. Most cases of listeriosis arise from the ingestion of contaminated food and in the UK the disease is particularly common in ruminants fed on silage. Although a number of forms of listeriosis are easily recognized, such as encephalitis, abortion and septicaemia, the epidemiological aspects and pathogenesis of infection in ruminants remain poorly understood. The invasion of peripheral nerve cells and rapid entry into the brain is postulated as a unique characteristic of its virulence, but relevant and practical disease models are still required to investigate this phenomenon. | View Page |
| Review 2 Low JC. Donachie W.: A review of Listeria monocytogenes and listeriosis. Veterinary Journal. 153:9-29, 1997 Following the initial isolation and description in 1926, Listeria monocytogenes has been shown to be of world-wide prevalence and is associated with serious disease in a wide variety of animals, including man. Our knowledge of this bacterial pathogen and the various forms of listeriosis that it causes has until recently been extremely limited, but recent advances in taxonomy, isolation methods, bacterial typing, molecular biology and cell biology have extended our knowledge. It is an exquisitely adaptable environmental bacterium capable of existing both as an animal pathogen and plant saprophyte with a powerful array of regulated virulence factors. Most cases of listeriosis arise from the ingestion of contaminated food and in the UK the disease is particularly common in ruminants fed on silage. Although a number of forms of listeriosis are easily recognized, such as encephalitis, abortion and septicaemia, the epidemiological aspects and pathogenesis of infection in ruminants remain poorly understood. The invasion of peripheral nerve cells and rapid entry into the brain is postulated as a unique characteristic of its virulence, but relevant and practical disease models are still required to investigate this phenomenon. | View Page |
| A web-like clot may be seen in a sample when the patient has what condition? | View Page |
| Category C Agents Category C agents include: Nipah virus Hantaviruses Tick borne hemorrhagic fever viruses Tick borne encephalitis viruses Yellow fever Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis | View Page |
| Xanthochromia in CSF is characteristic of: | View Page |
| Match the virus with its disease: | View Page |
| Match each organism with its respective associated condition: | View Page |
| This suspicious form, which was recovered in stool specimen and measures 32 µm, is responsible for which of the following diseases? | View Page |
| These suspicious forms were recovered in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). They are responsible for causing: | View Page |
| This suspicious form, that measures 25 µm, was recovered in an eye sample. It is associated with which of the following diseases? | View Page |
| Treatment Options for H1N1 Infection Most patients who have suspected or confirmed cases of H1N1 infection have a mild, uncomplicated, self-limited illness that may not require antiviral treatment. If infected individuals have a normal immune system, they should be able to recover from the infection with symptomatic treatment only and without antiviral therapy. However, it is the decision of the patient's physician whether to treat or not to treat. The CDC provides this decision tree as a guideline if the illness is mild and uncomplicated:The CDC suggests that patients with suspected or confirmed influenza should be treated if: They are hospitalized as a result of the illness They are at risk for severe disease including these patients: Patients that have certain medical conditions, such as asthma, diabetes, heart disease, or patients with weakened immune systems that may exacerbate the infection. Children younger than 2 years old Adults 65 years or older Pregnant women or women up to 2 weeks post-partum They have a progressive or complicated illness characterized by signs of: lower respiratory tract disease such as hypoxia or abnormal chest x-ray CNS complications such as encephalitis Complications of low blood pressure including shock or organ failure Myocarditis Invasive secondary bacterial infection The treatment options indicated for the 2009 H1N1 infection include oseltamivir (brand name Tamiflu®), an oral tablet, and zanamivir (brand name Relenza®), an inhaled antiviral agent.Reference: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated interim recommendations for the use of antiviral medications in the treatment and prevention of influenza for the 2009-2010 season. December 7, 2009. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/recommendations.htm. Accessed January 18, 2010. | View Page |
