Benign Information and Courses from MediaLab, Inc.
These are the MediaLab courses that cover Benign and links to relevant pages within the course.
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| CSF Evaluation and Diagnosis Examination of CSF provides vital information which aids in the diagnosis of a wide variety of disorders:
benign disordersmeningitisencephalitisbrain abscesssubarachnoid hemorrhagecerebral infract vs. intracerebral hemorrhagemultiple sclerosisGuillian-Barre's syndromespinal cord tumormalignant disordersleukemia CNS involvementmalignant tumors of the brain or spinal cordmetastasis of malignant tumors | View Page |
| Clinical Significance cont'd Individuals with diabetes mellitus may excrete small amounts of protein in the urine which may signal the beginning of reduced glomerular filtration. Stabilizing the blood glucose level at this time may delay progression of diabetic nephropathy. Women in the last month of pregnancy may develop proteinuria as the first sign of impending eclampsia. Eclampsia is the gravest form of toxemia of pregnancy. The presence of protein in this situation must be evaluated by the physician in conjunction with other clinical symptoms.Benign transient proteinuria may be the result of: exposure to cold, strenuous exercise, dehydration, and/or high fever. Benign transient proteinuria may also occur during the acute phase of a severe illness. | View Page |
| Examples of conditions resulting in benign proteinuria include: (Choose ALL of the correct answers) | View Page |
| Which of the following antigen groups is closely related to the ABO system: | View Page |
| Diseases Associated with Proteinuria Severe proteinuria (greater than 3.5 g/day) is characteristically seen in patients with glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis, lipoid nephrosis, and severe venous congestion of the kidney. Moderate proteinuria (0.5-3.5g/day) is seen in nephrosclerosis, multiple myeloma, diabetes nephropathy, malignant hypertension, and pyelonephritis with hypertension. Mild proteinuria (less than 0.5 g/day) may be seen with polycystic kidneys, chronic pyelonephritis, benign orthostatic proteinuria, and some renal tubular diseases. Transient proteinuria can also be due to physiologic conditions such as stress, exercise, cold exposure, and fever, in the absence of renal disease. | View Page |
| The suspicious form pictured here is responsible for which of the following conditions? | View Page |
| Leukemoid reaction revisited The term leukemoid reaction is used to describe peripheral white blood cells that on the stained blood smear may have some resemblances to leukemia cells. Quantatively in a leukemoid reaction, the neutrophil count is >50,000 cumm with more immature cells, particularly myelocytes, than are usually present in toxic left shift syndromes. The presence of immature cells in a leukemoid reaction awakens thoughts of leukemia. Great care must be taken to make a distinct differentiation between aberrant white blood cell proliferations and a benign but exaggerated granulocytic proliferative response. Our material is from a 1-month-old girl with Down's syndrome. Her total white blood count was 37,000/mm3 interpreted as leukocytosis with left shift. Leukocytosis with a left shift, and leukemoid reactions with high alkaline phosphatase are conditions to be mindful of in patients with Down's syndrome. The alkaline phosphatase score is high in leukemoid reactions, low in granulocytic leukemia. | View Page |
| Approximately 10% of the circulating white cells were similar to the one seen in the photograph. The patient was 42 years old and visited his physician because of recent bruising. Note the absence of platelets on the smear. Possible associated conditions include: | View Page |