Antibody Detection and Identification (Online Course)
Author: Margaret Alba, DOM, CLS(NCA), BB(ASCP)
Reviewer: Cindy Lee Jones, MS, MT(ASCP)
Do you find detective work exciting? Do you want to improve those skills? Our Antibody Detection and Identification course will guide you through the processes that will help you to expose the antibody that is the culprit. Antibodies must be identified so that appropriate blood products are selected for transfusion and the risk of adverse reaction is minimized. Clinically significant antibodies are capable of causing transfusion reactions, hemolytic disease of the newborn and in severe cases, death. Learning how to be a skilled detective is essential so that you, the clinical laboratory scientist, can prevent those situations from occurring.
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Continuing Education Credits
- P.A.C.E.® Contact Hours: 2.5 hour(s)
- Florida Board of Clinical Laboratory Science CE - General (Blood Banking): 2.5 hour(s)
- Florida Board of Clinical Laboratory Science CE - General (Immunohematology): 2.5 hour(s)
Objectives
- Differentiate between naturally occurring and immune antibodies and compare autoantibodies to alloantibodies.
- Discuss methods that are used to facilitate antibody identification.
- Discuss the reactions that would be seen on an antibody panel if any of the following antibodies are present: homozygous, heterozygous, antibody to high-incidence antigen or low-incidence antigen and an antibody exhibiting dosage.
- Outline the process that should be followed to identify the unknown antibodies that are present in the given case studies.
- Assess antibody panels to determine if any of the following are present: Multiple antibodies, cold antibodies, or warm autoantibodies.
- Determine how to interpret the strengths of panel reactions, how to choose selected cell panels, and when to run enzyme panels.
Course Outline
Click on a link in the outline to view a sample page from this course.
- Introduction to antibody detection and identification
- Discuss methods that are used to facilitate antibody identification
- Differentiate between naturally occurring and immune antibodies
- Discuss the reactions that would be seen on an antibody panel if an antibody to a high-incidence antigen or low-incidence antigen were present.
- Antibodies to Low- and High-Incidence Antigens
- Examples of Antibodies to High-Incidence Antigens
- Examples of Antibodies to Low-Incidence Antigens
- Antibody Detection and Identification
- Initial Steps for Identifying an Antibody
- Panel 1- Example
- Case Study One- Immune Alloantibody
- Ruling Out and Ruling In
- Exception to Homozygous Rule
- Ruling Out and Ruling In Procedure
- Panel 1 Example- Rule Outs
- Selected Cell Panels
- Picking Selected Panel Cells Conservatively
- Example- Choosing Selected Cells
- When to Suspect Multiple Antibodies
- Example 4- Multiple Antibodies
- Example 4b- Selected Cell Rule-Out Panel
- Example 4c - Explanation of Varying Strengths of Reactions
- When to Suspect an Autoantibody
- Example Of An Autoantibody (warm)
- When to Suspect Dosage
- Example 5 Dosage
- Case Study Two
- Case Study Two- Explanation
- When to Use an Enzyme Panel
- When to Use an Enzyme Panel - Results on a Regular Panel
- Reactions with an Enzyme Panel
- Case Study Three
- Case Study Three Rule-Outs Key
- Case Study Three - Selected Cells
- Case Study Three - Conclusion
- Cold antibodies
- Cold Autoantibody Example
- Is It a Cold or a Warm Autoantibody?
- What is an advanced technique that can help to determine the identity of other clinically significant antibodies that are present if a patient has a w...
- Case Study - Case 4
- Case Study Four- Antibody Panel
- Case Study Four- Selected Cell Panel
- Case Study Four- Enzyme Panel
- Case Study Four- Selected Cell Panel 2
- References
Additional Information
Level of instruction: Intermediate
Intended Audience: Clinical laboratory technologists, technicians, and pathologists. This course is also appropriate for clinical laboratory science students and pathology residents. Author information: Margaret Alba, DOM, CLS(NCA), BB(ASCP) is a Lecturer in Clinical Immunohematology at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and a Medical Technologist at Tricore-University Hospital, also located in Albuquerque. She holds a Masters in Oriental Medicine from the International Institute of Chinese Medicine and a Bachelor of Science degree in Medical Technology from the University of Texas at El Paso.
Reviewer information: Cindy Lee Jones, MS, MT(ASCP) is the senior blood bank technologist at University Hospital, Albuquerque, New Mexico. She holds a BS in Medical Technology and an MS in Horticulture from New Mexico State University. In her present position, she is responsible for the coordination of student rotation and the instruction of technologist/technician students and pathology residents in immunohematology. Course description: This course will take you through several methods that can be used in the process of identifying an antibody in transfusion medicine. Four case studies are presented that take you step-by-step through these procedures and provide you with appropriate panel results.
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